main.cpp

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define UNICODE
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdint.h>

typedef uint32_t u32;

void* BitmapMemory;

int BitmapWidth;
int BitmapHeight;

int ClientWidth;
int ClientHeight;

// Draws a pixel at X, Y (from top left corner)
void DrawPixel(int X, int Y, u32 Color) {
    u32 *Pixel = (u32 *)BitmapMemory;
    Pixel += Y * BitmapWidth + X;
    *Pixel = Color;
}

void ClearScreen(u32 Color) {
    u32 *Pixel = (u32 *)BitmapMemory;
    for(int Index = 0; 
        Index < BitmapWidth * BitmapHeight;
        ++Index) { *Pixel++ = Color; }
}

void DrawRectangle(int RectangleX,
                   int RectangleY,
                   int RectangleWidth,
                   int RectangleHeight,
                   u32 Color) {
    
    u32 *Pixel = (u32 *)BitmapMemory;
    Pixel += RectangleY * BitmapWidth + RectangleX;
    
    for(int Y = 0; Y < RectangleHeight; ++Y) {
        for(int X = 0;
            X < RectangleWidth;
            ++X) { *Pixel++ = Color; }
        Pixel += BitmapWidth - RectangleWidth;
    }
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND Window, UINT Message, WPARAM WParam, LPARAM LParam) {
    switch(Message) {
        case WM_KEYDOWN: {
            switch(WParam) { case 'O': { DestroyWindow(Window); }; }
        } break;
        case WM_DESTROY: { PostQuitMessage(0); } break;
        default: { return DefWindowProc(Window, Message, WParam,  LParam); }
    }
    return 0;
}

int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE Instance, HINSTANCE PrevInstance, PWSTR CmdLine, int CmdShow) {
    
    WNDCLASS WindowClass = {};
    const wchar_t ClassName[] = L"MyWindowClass";
    WindowClass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    WindowClass.hInstance = Instance;
    WindowClass.lpszClassName = ClassName;
    WindowClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(0, IDC_CROSS);
    
    if(!RegisterClass(&WindowClass)) {
        MessageBox(0, L"RegisterClass failed", 0, 0);
        return GetLastError();
    }
    
    HWND Window = CreateWindowEx(0, ClassName, L"Program",
                                 WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_VISIBLE,
                                 CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
                                 CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
                                 0, 0, Instance, 0);
    
    if(!Window) {
        MessageBox(0, L"CreateWindowEx failed", 0, 0);
        return GetLastError();
    }
    
    
    // Get client area dimensions 
    
    RECT ClientRect;
    GetClientRect(Window, &ClientRect);
    ClientWidth = ClientRect.right - ClientRect.left;
    ClientHeight = ClientRect.bottom - ClientRect.top;
    
    BitmapWidth = ClientWidth;
    BitmapHeight = ClientHeight;
    
    // Allocate memory for the bitmap
    
    int BytesPerPixel = 4;
    
    BitmapMemory = VirtualAlloc(0,
                                BitmapWidth * BitmapHeight * BytesPerPixel,
                                MEM_RESERVE|MEM_COMMIT,
                                PAGE_READWRITE
                                );
    
    // BitmapInfo struct for StretchDIBits
    
    BITMAPINFO BitmapInfo;
    BitmapInfo.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof(BitmapInfo.bmiHeader);
    BitmapInfo.bmiHeader.biWidth = BitmapWidth;
    // Negative height makes top left as the coordinate system origin for the DrawPixel function, otherwise its bottom left
    BitmapInfo.bmiHeader.biHeight = -BitmapHeight;
    BitmapInfo.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
    BitmapInfo.bmiHeader.biBitCount = 32;
    BitmapInfo.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
    
    HDC DeviceContext = GetDC(Window);
    
    bool Running = true;
    
    while(Running) {
        MSG Message;
        while(PeekMessage(&Message, nullptr, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) {
            if(Message.message == WM_QUIT) Running = false;
            TranslateMessage(&Message);
            DispatchMessage(&Message);
        }
        
        ClearScreen(0x333333);
        
        DrawRectangle(100, 100, 64, 64, 0xff00ff);
        
        StretchDIBits(DeviceContext, 
                      0, 0,
                      BitmapWidth, BitmapHeight,
                      0, 0,
                      ClientWidth, ClientHeight,
                      BitmapMemory, &BitmapInfo,
                      DIB_RGB_COLORS, SRCCOPY);
    }
    
    return 0;
}

Build

cl main.cpp /link user32.lib gdi32.lib

build.bat

@echo off

set COMMON_COMPILER_FLAGS=/W4 /wd4100 /Oi /nologo /Fegame.exe

set DEBUG_FLAGS=/Zi /MTd
set RELEASE_FLAGS=/O2

set COMPILER_FLAGS=%COMMON_COMPILER_FLAGS% %DEBUG_FLAGS%
REM set COMPILER_FLAGS=%COMMON_COMPILER_FLAGS% %RELEASE_FLAGS%

set LINKER_FLAGS=/INCREMENTAL:NO /OPT:REF
set LIBS=user32.lib gdi32.lib

cl %COMPILER_FLAGS% main.cpp /link %LINKER_FLAGS% %LIBS%